![]() ![]() In bit-oriented protocols, the message is coded as a sequence of bits, which are interpreted in the upper layers as text, graphics, audio, video etc. This is also called bit - oriented framing. This is also called character-oriented framing.īit - Stuffing − A pattern of bits of arbitrary length is stuffed in the message to differentiate from the delimiter. However, if the pattern occurs in the message, then mechanisms needs to be incorporated so that this situation is avoided.īyte - Stuffing − A byte is stuffed in the message to differentiate from the delimiter. ![]() So, a pattern of bits is used as a delimiter to mark the end of one frame and the beginning of the next frame. In variable - length framing, the size of each frame to be transmitted may be different. The data frames can be of fixed length or variable length. In Data Link layer, the stream of bits from the physical layer is divided into data frames. Bit stuffing is the mechanism of inserting one or more non-information bits into a message to be transmitted, to break up the message sequence, for synchronization purpose.
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